Thoughts on AI, ML
and Engineering.

Deep dives on large language models, agentic systems, RAG pipelines, computer vision, and the craft of building AI products that actually ship.

RAG

Hybrid Dense + Sparse Retrieval: Why BM25 Still Matters in 2025

Dense embeddings alone miss keyword-critical queries. I benchmarked pure FAISS, pure BM25, and a reciprocal-rank fusion hybrid on 5K enterprise docs — the results might surprise you.

Feb 2026 8 min read
FAISS BM25
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Agents

Tool Calling vs. Function Calling: Picking the Right Pattern for Agentic Workflows

LangChain, LlamaIndex, and CrewAI each handle tool use differently. Here's a practical breakdown of when to use each pattern, with real latency and reliability numbers.

Jan 2026 10 min read
LangChain CrewAI
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Computer Vision

Physics-Guided Cloud Removal from Satellite Imagery Using SAR-Optical Fusion

How I preserved NDVI vegetation signals while reconstructing cloud-obscured LISS-IV scenes. A walkthrough of the SAR-optical fusion pipeline, loss functions, and PSNR/SSIM evaluation.

Dec 2025 14 min read
PyTorch SAR
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LLMs

Memory-Augmented LLMs: Combining Transformers with LSTM Temporal Memory

Context windows are expensive. I built a hybrid architecture that offloads long-term sequential memory to an LSTM, keeping the Transformer focused on reasoning — here's what worked and what didn't.

Nov 2025 9 min read
LSTM Transformers
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MLOps

Deploying Multi-Agent AI on AWS: Lambda, EC2, and Cost Tradeoffs

A practical guide to shipping agentic AI systems on AWS — when to use serverless Lambda vs. persistent EC2, how to handle cold starts, and keeping costs sane at scale.

Oct 2025 11 min read
AWS Docker
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Embeddings

CLIP Embeddings for Product Search: Building a Visual Recommendation Engine

How I used OpenAI's CLIP model and FAISS vector search to build a fashion product intelligence system — covering embedding strategy, deduplication, and query-time tricks.

Sep 2025 7 min read
CLIP FAISS
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